Assuming annual sales of 16 million high-octane, low-carbon fuel vehicles from model year 2028 through 2037, the use of higher ethanol blends—specifically E25 (25% ethanol) from 2028 to 2032 and E30 (30% ethanol) beginning in 2033—will result in substantial environmental and economic benefits.

By 2050, these higher blends of ethanol would:

• Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 3.7 billion metric tonnes, resulting in an estimated $158 billion in monetized climate-related savings.
• Lower exposure to toxic fuel aromatics, preventing an estimated 1,400 aromatics-related premature deaths and generating an additional $12.7 billion in economic and health-related savings.

Together, these reductions in GHG emissions and health impacts are projected to save $170 billion in total damages through 2050.