U.S. Top Trade Exports and Current Tariffs

Lyndi Allen
January 30, 2025

Lyndi Allen

Foreign markets are vital consumers for the U.S. agriculture industry. According to National Corn Growers Association (NCGA), exports are responsible for 33% of U.S. corn farmers’ income. The U.S. Grains Council estimates that in marketing year 2023/2024, exports of corn and corn products (including ethanol, distiller grains, red meat and poultry) totaled over five billion bushels - about one-third of the nation’s corn production that year. 

 

Top U.S. Corn and Ethanol Export Destinations in Marketing Year (MY) 2024-2025

Corn export sales have picked up this marketing year and are currently running about 30% ahead of the five-year average. Importers from Mexico, our top foreign market, have committed to purchase about 637 million bushels this marketing year – about 44% of total commitments from known purchasers. 

The leading destinations for U.S. corn exports from September- November 2024 (the latest available data) include: 

  • Mexico- 324 million bushels 
  • Japan- 149 million bushels 
  • Colombia- 117 million bushels 

 

Top Illinois Corn Export Destinations

Illinois is one of the top suppliers for U.S. corn exports. Its central location with a large network of transportation makes Illinois efficient and a competitive market for exports. Currently, about 50% of the corn produced in Illinois corn leaves the state, most of which is destined for markets overseas. 

 

Current Tariffs on U.S. Corn Exports 

U.S. corn currently enjoys duty-free access to many foreign markets, but potential escalation of tariffs on imports to the U.S. will invite retaliation by other countries and likely trigger consultations under existing free-trade agreements in the case of Canada, Mexico, and Colombia. 

 

U.S. Ethanol Exports

Ethanol is a major agricultural export, the top destinations for U.S. ethanol exports by value in 2023 include: 

  • Canada- $1.74 Billion 
  • United Kingdom- $409.92 Million 
  • European Union- $333.35 Million 
  • India- $245.91 Million 
  • South Korea- $241.16 Million 

 

Ethanol in Illinois

Illinois is one of the top U.S. ethanol producers, making ethanol exports economically beneficial for Illinois corn farmers. As global demand increases, Illinois will continue to be an essential supplier. Currently, ~25% of Illinois’ corn goes to ethanol production, of that, a good percentage is exported. 

 

Summary

With strong export markets and tariff-free access to top destinations, U.S. corn and ethanol exports are vital for agricultural trade. However, challenges, such as GMO restrictions and trade policy changes affect the economic strength of U.S. agriculture. Moving forward, strong international relationships and expanding market opportunities are essential for long-term sustainability of U.S. corn and ethanol exports. 

By Sand County Foundation August 28, 2025
Illinois Farmer Awarded Leopold Conservation Award
streambank erosion
By Tara Desmond August 28, 2025
Streambank Erosion: An Overlooked Threat to Illinois Farmland
By Tara Desmond August 28, 2025
What Experienced Farmers Wish They Knew Starting Out
Kacie and Captain us
By Jennie Abbott August 21, 2025
Farm Bureau Manager Kacie Claire shares about her past internship at IL Corn
whiskey
By American Craft Spirits Association August 21, 2025
The Farmer-Distiller: Best Bourbon resulted in a numerical tie, with two distilleries sharing the honor. Queens Reserve, a product of Wood Hat Spirits in Florence, Missouri scored identically to Bloody Butcher Bourbon, which is produced by Pathfinder Farm Distillery in Boonsboro, Maryland.
Green corn stalks in a field, blue sky with white clouds.
By Lyndi Allen August 21, 2025
The time for change is now, action is needed from Congress and the administration after the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s latest World Agriculture and Supply and Demand Estimates report
Show More